Grade 9 Art History
(REVISED: Sept2019-Jan2020)
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COPY OF SLIDE LIST (IF YOU LOST IT):
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Details about the test:
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GRADE 9 ART HISTORY SLIDE LIST – Part I
A THEMATIC APPROACH: Why do People Create Art?
Three approaches to Art: |
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All artwork can be roughly classified into these three different approaches to creating art. Sometimes more than approach can occur, but one is usually dominant in a work. As we look at our Art History slides in this course, try to identify what approach is being taken.
- Imitationalism – Imitating / capturing real life; somewhat photographic in nature.
- Emotionalism – Attempting to capture or evoke an emotion (through a variety of methods).
- Formalism – Focusing on creating visual interest through Elements & Principles of Design.
Throughout time, people have created art for a variety of reasons. The list below contains some of the most common reasons why people have created art. Let’s look at some famous examples from a variety of different art periods and movements to illustrate them more clearly.
As you look at the examples below, it is mostly important to know WHY these were chosen as examples for that section. If you can't recall from discussions in class or notes taken, a quick search on any of these pieces online should help you figure it out.
Religious Ritual
1. Michelangelo. Pieta (1499-1500) Marble.
2. Caravaggio. Doubting Thomas. (1602-1603) Oil on Canvas.
Commemoration of an important event
3. Jacob Lawrence. Migration Series. (1940-1941) Tempera on board.
4. Norval Morriseau. Generations of Pain from Residential Schools. (1974) Oil on canvas.
5. Gerhard Richter. September. (2005) Oil on canvas.
Propaganda / Social Commentary
6. Pablo Picasso. Guernica. (1937) Oil on canvas.
7. Ai Weiwei. Coloured Vases. (2006) Han Dynasty Vases with house paint.
8. Banksy. Slave Labour. (2012) Graffiti / spray paint.
Recording Visual Data (Recording Truth)
9. Hokusai. The Great Wave. (1830-33) Woodblock Print.
10. Emily Carr. D’sonoqua. (1912) Oil on canvas.
11. Ben Shahn. Handball. (1939) Gouache on paper mounted on board.
12. Chuck Close. Mark (1978-79) Acrylic on Canvas.
Creating Beauty
13. Gustav Klimt. Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I. (1907) Oil on canvas.
14. Tamara de Lempicka. Autoportrait (1925) Oil on canvas.
15. El Anatsui. Between Heaven and Earth. (2006) Aluminum and copper wire.
Storytelling
16. Botticelli. Birth of Venus. (1485) Tempera on Panel.
17. Auguste Rodin. The Kiss. (1840-1917) Marble.
Intense Emotion
18. Edvard Munch. The Scream. (1893) Oil and tempera on cardboard.
19. Vincent Van Gogh. Church at Auvers. (1890) Oil on canvas.
20. Frida Kahlo. The Broken Column. (1944) Oil on canvas
As you look at the examples below, it is mostly important to know WHY these were chosen as examples for that section. If you can't recall from discussions in class or notes taken, a quick search on any of these pieces online should help you figure it out.
Religious Ritual
1. Michelangelo. Pieta (1499-1500) Marble.
2. Caravaggio. Doubting Thomas. (1602-1603) Oil on Canvas.
Commemoration of an important event
3. Jacob Lawrence. Migration Series. (1940-1941) Tempera on board.
4. Norval Morriseau. Generations of Pain from Residential Schools. (1974) Oil on canvas.
5. Gerhard Richter. September. (2005) Oil on canvas.
Propaganda / Social Commentary
6. Pablo Picasso. Guernica. (1937) Oil on canvas.
7. Ai Weiwei. Coloured Vases. (2006) Han Dynasty Vases with house paint.
8. Banksy. Slave Labour. (2012) Graffiti / spray paint.
Recording Visual Data (Recording Truth)
9. Hokusai. The Great Wave. (1830-33) Woodblock Print.
10. Emily Carr. D’sonoqua. (1912) Oil on canvas.
11. Ben Shahn. Handball. (1939) Gouache on paper mounted on board.
12. Chuck Close. Mark (1978-79) Acrylic on Canvas.
Creating Beauty
13. Gustav Klimt. Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I. (1907) Oil on canvas.
14. Tamara de Lempicka. Autoportrait (1925) Oil on canvas.
15. El Anatsui. Between Heaven and Earth. (2006) Aluminum and copper wire.
Storytelling
16. Botticelli. Birth of Venus. (1485) Tempera on Panel.
17. Auguste Rodin. The Kiss. (1840-1917) Marble.
Intense Emotion
18. Edvard Munch. The Scream. (1893) Oil and tempera on cardboard.
19. Vincent Van Gogh. Church at Auvers. (1890) Oil on canvas.
20. Frida Kahlo. The Broken Column. (1944) Oil on canvas
GRADE 9 ART HISTORY SLIDE LIST – Part II
A CHRONOLOGICAL APPROACH: LOOKING AT ART MOVEMENTS IN PROGRESSION
A CHRONOLOGICAL APPROACH: LOOKING AT ART MOVEMENTS IN PROGRESSION
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EGYPTIAN ART
Paintings & Objects: 1. The Palette of Narmer (c. 3150-3125 BC) Siltstone. 2. Fowling Scene from the tomb of Nebamun (c.1450 BC) Wall painting. 3. Burial Mask of King Tut (1325 BC) Gold with inlaid semiprecious stones & coloured glass. Sculpture: 4. Ranofer (c.2500 B.C.) Stone. 5. Mycerinus and His Queen (2470 BC) Slate. 6. Queen Nefertiti (1360 BC) Painted Limestone. Architecture: 7. The Great Pyramids (2530-2470 BC) & The Great Sphinx (2500 BC) Limestone. Giza, Egypt.
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EGYPTIAN ART NOTES:
About Ancient Egypt... • Maintained a stable society for several thousand years • unique language and culture • Polytheistic society • Pharaohs = gods on Earth • Believed in a physical afterlife • Had literature, medicine, & higher mathematics About Egyptian Art... —- Most examples are funerary art —- Mummies (preserved bodies) were kept in multiple layers of sarcophagi —- Statues created as alternate dwelling for dead person’s the “ka” (spirit) —- Tombs filled with objects, furniture and food for the dead person to enjoy in the afterlife —- Art had strict rules for creation and was not overly realistic in the way humans were shown Characteristics of Egyptian Painting & Relief Carving... —FRONTALITY - frontal view of the eye and shoulders with profile of the head, arms and legs. —DESCRIPTIVE PERSPECTIVE - most powerful / important is figure is represented like a giant (sizes are not proportional but symbolic). —STYLIZATION - Human anatomy was an approximation, not realistic. Characteristics of Egyptian Sculpture... —- Arms are close to the torso, pose is always frontal and bisymmetrical —- They are rigid / stiff, human anatomy was an approximation —- Ideal bodies / not sculpted accurately —- Made of hard stones (e.g. granite, porphyry, diorite) for permanence Characteristics of Egyptian Architecture... - Purpose of buildings: as tombs / to protect the Ka (soul) - Pyramid of Cheops /Khufu: • Largest stone structure in world • 13 acres site • 2,300,000 limestone blocks (2.5 tons each) • 480 ft tall • Took about 23 years for 1000’s of workers to construct | ||
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GREEK ART
Pottery: 8. Terracotta Krater Geometric terracotta krater. (c.750-735 BC) 9. Exekias. Achilles Slaying Penthesilea. Black figure Amphora. (530 BC) Sculpture: 10. Kouros (Statue of a Youth) (600 BC) Marble & Peplos Kore (c.530 BC) Marble 11. Polykleitos, Doryphorus (Spear-bearer). (450-440 BC) Marble. 12. Nike of Samothrace (c.190 BC) Marble 13. Alexandros of Antioch. Venus de Milo (c.100 BC) Marble 14. Laocoön and His Sons (c. 200-100 BC) Marble. Architecture: 15. Iktinos & Kallikrates. The Parthenon (448-432 BC) The Acropolis, Athens. 16. Temple of Athena Nike (c.420 BC) The Acropolis, Athens.
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GREEK ART NOTES:
About Ancient Greece... • A democratic society (somewhat: women and slaves could not vote) • Polytheistic – believed in a variety of gods & goddesses • Golden Age (480-430 BC) – Greek society suddenly advanced in art, architecture, poetry, drama, philosophy, government, law, logic, history, and math. • Believed in man’s dignity and worth About Greek Art... - A focus on the human figure – seen in painting, sculpture, and even architecture (proportion) - Philosophy stressed harmony, order, & balance - Subject Matter: Greek mythology and contemporary subjects such as sport, warfare, parties, etc. Characteristics of Greek Pottery... - Practical purposes: carrying and storing water, wine, oil, grain, etc. - Many examples spread throughout the Mediterranean because of trade. - Greek pottery was sometimes used for marking graves or given as awards for sporting events also. - Different decorative styles developed over time: e.g. geometric style, oriental style, black-figure, red-figure Characteristics of Greek Sculpture... • Subject Matter: Gods, Goddesses and athletes • Made for temples and graves • Males were shown nude, females were usually clothed • They strove for ideal proportions and perfection of the human body • They invented Contrapposto – shifting weight to look natural • Sculptures became more realistic and aimed for ideal proportions. Characteristics of Greek Architecture... - Purpose of temples: to glorify the Gods - The walls were made from cut stone. - They used Post and Lintel Construction - The term Pediment refers to the triangular shape at the top of the building (used to add decorative motifs) - There are three Greek orders of columns capitals: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian | ||
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ROMAN ART
Wall Paintings & Mosaics: 17. Battle of Issus (c.100 BC) Marble Mosaic. 18. City of Pompeii (79 AD) Pompeii, Italy 19. Catacombs of Saint Callixtus (San Callisto) (2nd-3rd Century AD) Rome, Italy. Sculpture: 20. Augustus of Prima Porta (c.125 AD) Marble. 21. Portrait of an unknown Roman (mid-1st Century AD) Marble. 22. Constantine the Great (330 AD) Marble. Architecture: 23. Pont du Gard (c. 20 BC) Roman Aqueduct. Nimes, France. 24. The Colosseum (72-80 AD) Rome, Italy 25. The Pantheon (118-125 AD) Rome, Italy.
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ROMAN ART NOTES:
About Ancient Rome... • Admired and copied the Greeks’ society and artistic style shared this throughout the Roman Empire • Roman Republic (democracy) then developed into the Roman Empire (spreading as far as England, Egypt, Spain, Russia) • Spread the following through the Empire: civilized law, roads, bridges, sewers & aqueducts • Philosophy: Efficiency, organization, practicality • Contributed in the field of Law & engineering Characteristics of Roman Paintings & Mosaics... • Painted realistic images with depth (perspective & trompe l’oeil) • Subject Matter: landscapes / gardens, religious rituals, everyday objects and people • Most remaining wall paintings are found at Pompeii and Herculaneum – shows an abundance of red • Mosaic – made up of small cut coloured stones (tessarae), arranged to make complex images • Can be found on floors, walls, or ceilings • The smaller the pieces = better artist / more expensive to produce Characteristics of Roman Sculpture... • Copied a lot of Greek sculpture (lost originals), especially images of gods and goddesses • Portraits of Senators / ordinary people are often highly realistic • Portraits of Emperors are idealized or exaggerated as a form of propaganda • Figures are often dressed (some nudes) Characteristics of Roman Architecture... • Purpose of buildings: temples, civic buildings (baths , forums) to honour the Empire. • Their contributions included: - the invention of concrete - the arch, a vault and a barrel vault. - the dome • They used the Greek style of columns, but most frequently the Corinthian capital. | ||