Grade 11 ART HISTORY:
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(updated November 6, 2016) |
Art History Quiz #2:
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GRADE 11 ART HISTORY SLIDE LIST:
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If you have misplaced your slide list for Grade 11 Art History, you can download and print it for you notes here...
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Key Concepts of the Renaissance:
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The powerpoint posted above (which you can download) provides brief definitions and visual examples of the following concepts...
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RENAISSANCE IDEAS:
• Greek & Roman Influence • Humanism • Neoplatonism • Divine Proportion • Artist Masters EARLY ITALIAN RENAISSANCE KEY FEATURES: • Linear Perspective • Fresco • Contrapposto • Ideal Proportions • Use of Allegory |
HIGH RENAISSANCE KEY FEATURES:
• continued use of Early Italian Renaissance features, plus… • Atmospheric Perspective • Golden Mean • Sfumato • Chiaroscuro • Pyramid Composition • Oil Paint (borrowed from the Northern countries) NORTHERN RENAISSANCE KEY FEATURES: • Oil Paints • Symbolism • Realistic Details • Inaccurate Depth (some exceptions later) |
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Early Italian Renaissance:
SUMMARY:
The Early Italian Renaissance is believed to have begun around the year 1400 in the city of Florence, Italy. This was a time of great interest in antiquity (ancient Greece and Rome) and the rise of Humanism (the belief that man is the centre of all things). This return to classical knowledge influenced philosophy, science, math, literature and art. Artists looked to Greek and Roman examples in order to create greater realism in painting, classical beauty in sculpture and "perfection" in architecture. The democratic political climate of Florence led by the highly influential Medici family assisted with commissioning many important works of Renaissance art. This change in thought and artistic creation would influence art for at least the next 100 years, and even beyond. Characteristics of Early Renaissance Art:
• Linear Perspective • Fresco • Contrapposto • Ideal Proportions • Use of Allegory - see "Renaissance" Powerpoint presentation above for details on these Key Early Italian Renaissance Artists:
Medieval VS Renaissance Ideals:
Mannerism:
SUMMARY:
Believed to have developed from the late work of Michelangelo, “Mannerism” is the period between the High Renaissance and the Baroque (1520-1600 AD). Works from this period show more emotion than before. Mannerism uses some of the Renaissance characteristics but abandons others. The term "Mannerism" is from the term “di mariera,” referring to a work of art done according to an acquired style rather than depicting nature - often the art was very individual in style, but there are some shared characteristics... Characteristics of Mannerist Art:
• Complex characters / compositions / subjects • Dramatic, theatrical, and sometimes overly stylized • Crisp and Frozen shapes • Muscular and / or elongated figures (exaggerated bodies) • Distorted / strange perspective views (not linear perspective) • Figures are serpentinata (serpent-like) / complex poses • Use of dramatic and / or unrealistic lighting effects (see direct comparison to High Renaissance in the powerpoint) Key Mannerist Artists:
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High Renaissance:
SUMMARY:
The High Renaissance in Italy is the culmination of the ideals developed over the course of a century. The centre of Renaissance art became Rome at this time and was sponsored by the Pope who was gaining power and control over various parts of Italy. Some of the best known Renaissance artists and art pieces were created during this time period - they are recognized for their perfection of the Renaissance style. Characteristics of High Renaissance Art:
• continued use of Early Italian Renaissance features, plus… • Atmospheric Perspective • Golden Mean • Sfumato • Chiaroscuro • Pyramid Composition • Oil Paint (borrowed from the Northern countries) - see "Renaissance" Powerpoint presentation above for details on these Key High Renaissance Artists:
Renaissance in the North:
SUMMARY:
The Renaissance was not only a movement in Italy, it also developed (though in a different way) in the countries of Northern Europe: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany. There was the same focus on more realistic depictions in art, but not all the same rules. Northern artists primarily took inspiration from nature. In the Netherlands (Belgium & Holland) developments occurred contemporary with Early Italian Renaissance (approx. 1420 AD). Similarly they reconciled religious subjects and everyday life through symbolism in ordinary objects. The Northern Renaissance artists developed a detailed & realistic style made possible by the invention of oil paints – slower drying time allows for subtle blending, rich colours, and greater variations of light and shade. Later on (in the early 1500's) there are more sophisticated examples of Northern Renaissance art created at the time contemporary to the High Renaissance in Italy (early 1500’s). For example, Albrecht Durer absorbed some advances, for example linear perspective, practiced by southern peers such as Leonardo, Michelangelo & Raphael. Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art:
• Oil Paints • Symbolism • Realistic Details • Inaccurate Depth (some exceptions later) • STYLE: Lifelike features, unflattering honesty • SUBJECT: Religious and domestic scenes • FIGURES: Prosperous citizens, peasants, visible appearance • PORTRAITS: Reveals individual personality • TECHNIQUE: Oil paints on wood • COMPOSITION: complex, irregular (for comparison between Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance, see powerpoint) Key Northern Renaissance Artists:
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(End of content for Quiz #1)
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Baroque:
Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details. An insulting term used by historians who preferred the Renaissance. Overview:
TIME: Captures a brief moment in time; often through a sense of frozen movement. LIGHT: Often a dramatic use of light and shadow. In painting through Chiaroscuro and Tenebrism. In Architecture and Sculpture, through curves and undulating surfaces to reflect the light and cast deep shadows. SPACE: Chiaroscuro – “Coming out of the darkness.” Where areas with lighter values seem to emerge from areas of surrounding darkness. Tenebrism – Exaggerated strong contrasts between light and dark seen in late 16th century painting. A more dramatic version of chiaroscuro.
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Neoclassicism:
• “neo” means new – classical
• a movement followed by “Rococo” • started around the mid 1700’s • a revival of the antiquities • inspired by Greek and Roman / Renaissance • you will see works with Greek/Roman architecture, clothing, themes. • mythological figures become common at this time • a return to knowledge and purity • clean, crisp lines • becomes the leading art movement in France • The style of choice of Napoleon Bonaparte • Rejects the excess and frivolity of Baroque and Rococo. • Also became popular in the United States as they were experiencing their own American Revolution based on similar principles. • Often smooth painting (no visible brushstrokes) • Very posed / stage-like and unemotional • Usually political propaganda undertones / NOT religious
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Romanticism & Realism:
ROMANTICISM:
• Artists who felt limited by Neoclassicism, began creating more emotional artwork giving rise to Romanticism. • Reaction against Neoclassicism – not interested in the importance of rules and perfection. • Not a particular style but an attitude characterized by colour, emotion, passion, imagination, and a dream like quality. • Named after the revival of interest in medieval stories like King Arthur – heroic stories referred to as “romances.” • Sometimes inspired by current events, particularly tragedies. • Also inspired by Africa and the Orient. • This movement is also in poetry (eg. Wordsworth and Keats) and Music (eg. Beethoven and Schubert). • Often looser and more dramatic brushstrokes • Compositions are emotional / dramatic and quite complex REALISM: • Artists who painted the present reality were called Realists – believed that only that which they could see and experience was worth recording in art. • Aim: subjects are to be shown a naturally and realistically as possible • Realists admired the 17th century Dutch & Flemish painters • Philosophy: glorified the working class and valued the common, everyday world around them. • This time period also brought about the rise of Photography as an art form.
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Pre-Raphaelites:
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood consisted of three main artists: Rossetti, Hunt and Millais. Together they founded Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848. They chose the name as a reminder that the group would concentrate its criticism on a painting by Raphael (1483-1520),The Transfiguration (1518-1520, Vatican Museums).
Truth to nature - meant the meticulous rendition of everything exactly as nature made it, one needs to be immersed in nature in direct observation to represent it. Preference to Significant Theme - these were often moral and religious. Art as a means of conveying high moral principles and ideals to the people. The use of many symbols and literary references, literary and poetic reference Detail and Complexity – artist did not spare details Many details are symbolic, and are put in to add layers of meaning. Love and Beauty – themes of love and beauty Honesty and Feeling - they believed art should have a ‘soul’ and wanted restore the heart, the passion and true beauty in works of art.
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Modern Art forms...
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Conceptual Art
Installations: Indoor and Out
Performance Artists
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